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In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton. A driver provides a software interface to hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware functions without needing to know precise details about the hardware being used. Mr Van der Westhuizen was afraid that his list of questions increased. The agenda for the meeting created the impression that there would be a huge solar plant being constructed within the Kannaland municipal area. He had heard very little about the solar part today but heard about energy vaults, which he presumed referred to energy storage.

This topic summarizes the new features and improvements for Windows Driver Frameworks (WDF) drivers in Windows 10.

Windows 10, version 1903 (March 2019 Update, 19H1) includes Kernel-Mode Driver Framework (KMDF) version 1.29 and User-Mode Driver Framework (UMDF) version 2.29.

You can use these framework versions to build drivers for:

• Windows 10 (all SKUs)
• Windows Server, version 1809

For version history, see KMDF Version History and UMDF Version History. Except where noted, UMDF references on this page describe version 2 functionality that is not available in UMDF version 1.

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 2004

See KMDF Version History and UMDF Version History.

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 1903

No functionality added or changed.

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 1809

• Added new API WdfDriverRetrieveDriverDataDirectoryString

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 1803

• Building a WDF driver for multiple versions of Windows.

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 1709

See KMDF Version History and UMDF Version History.

New in WDF for Windows 10, version 1703

In Windows 10, version 1703, WDF includes the following enhancements:

• New WDF Verifier settings to detect excessive object creation

  In some cases, framework objects are incorrectly parented and not deleted after use. With this feature, you can specify a maximum number of objects and what should happen when this threshold is exceeded.

  To start monitoring, add the following registry values under:HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESystemCurrentControlSetServices<driver service>Parameterswdf

  1. Add a DWORD value named ObjectLeakDetectionLimit with the threshold value. This is the maximum number of objects of the types described in the ObjectsForLeakDetection key.

  2. Add a new REG_MULTI_SZ value named ObjectsForLeakDetection that lists each type name to verify. For example, you could specify WDFDMATRANSACTION WDFDEVICE. To specify all handle types, use * as the string.

  3. To control whether exceeding this threshold should cause a debug break or a bugcheck, set the DbgBreakOnError key.

     By default, if the ObjectsForLeakDetection key is not specified, the framework monitors WDFREQUEST, WDFWORKITEM, WDFKEY, WDFSTRING, WDFOBJECT, and WDFDEVICE.

     The limit scales with the number of devices installed, so if the driver creates three WDFDEVICE objects, the WDF Verifier limit is three times the value specified in ObjectLeakDetectionLimit.

     If you specify WDFREQUEST, the verifier only counts WDFREQUEST objects that the driver creates.

     This feature does not currently support tracking the WDFMEMORY object type.

• SleepStudy tool provides info on KMDF drivers

  The SleepStudy software tool reports the number of power references that a KMDF driver has that are preventing the system from going to sleep. For more info, see Modern standby SleepStudy.

The rest of this page describes functionality that was added in Windows 10, version 1507.

WDF source code is publicly available

• The WDF source code is now available as open source on GitHub. This is the same source code from which the WDF runtime library that ships in Windows 10 is built. You can debug your driver more effectively when you can follow the interactions between the driver and WDF. Download it from https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-Driver-Frameworks.

• The private symbol files for WDF on Windows 10 are now available through the Microsoft Symbol Server.

• The Windows Driver Kit (WDK) 10 samples are also now published to GitHub. Download them from https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-Driver-Samples.

Automatic Source Level Debugging of Framework Code

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When you use WinDbg to debug a WDF driver on Windows 10, WinDbg automatically retrieves the framework source code from Microsoft's public GitHub repository. You can use this feature to step through the WDF source code while debugging, and to learn about framework internals without downloading the source code to a local machine. For more information, see Debugging with WDF Source and Video: Debugging your driver with WDF source code.

Universal Driver Compliance

All WDF driver samples and Visual Studio driver templates are Universal Windows driver compliant.

All KMDF and UMDF 2 functionality is Universal Windows driver compliant.

Note that UMDF 1 drivers run only on Windows 10 for desktop editions and earlier versions of desktop Windows. Want to benefit from the universal capabilities of UMDF 2? To learn how to port your old UMDF 1 driver, see Porting a Driver from UMDF 1 to UMDF 2.

Debugging and Diagnosability

• All KMDF and UMDF 2 drivers can use an always on, always available Inflight Trace Recorder (IFR). When a driver provides a custom trace, the driver IFR log contains the trace messages. Note that the new driver IFR log is separate from the framework IFR log that WDF creates for each driver.

  It's easy to turn on the IFR. See Inflight Trace Recorder (IFR) for logging traces and Using Inflight Trace Recorder in KMDF and UMDF Drivers.

• The IFR maintains a circular buffer of WPP traces in non-pageable memory. If a driver crashes, the logs are frequently included in the crash dump file.

• If you turn on the IFR in your driver binary, the IFR is present and running during the lifetime of your driver. You don't need to start an explicit trace collection session.

  • IFR logs are included in minidump files except when the responsible driver is undetermined or if the crash was a host timeout.

  • If you have a debugger connected, you can access both the driver and framework IFR logs by issuing !wdfkd.wdflogdump.

  • If you do not have a debugger connected, you can still access both logs. To learn how, see Video: Accessing driver IFR logs without a debugger.

  • When debugging a UMDF driver, you can merge framework logs with driver logs by issuing: !wdfkd.wdflogdump<drivername.dll>-m

• UMDF logs (WudfTrace.etl) and dumps are now located in %ProgramData%MicrosoftWDF instead of %systemDrive%LogFilesWudf.

• New debugger command: !wdfkd.wdfumtriage provides a kernel-centric view of all UMDF devices on the system.

• You can run !analyze to investigate UMDF verifier failures or UMDF unhandled exceptions. This works for live kernel debugging as well as debugging user crash dump files from %ProgramData%MicrosoftWDF.

• In KMDF and UMDF 2, you can monitor power reference usage in the debugger. For info, see Debugging Power Reference Leaks in WDF.

• You can use !wdfkd.wdfcrashdump to display error information about UMDF 2 drivers. For more information, see !wdfkd.wdfcrashdump.

Performance Tracing tool for WDF drivers

You can use the Windows Performance Toolkit (WPT) to view performance data for a given KMDF or UMDF 2 driver. When tracing is enabled, the framework generates ETW events for I/O, PnP, and Power callback paths. You can then view graphs in the Windows Performance Analyzer (WPA) that show I/O throughput rates, CPU utilization, and callback performance. The WPT is included in the Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK).

For more information, see Using the Windows Performance Toolkit (WPT) with WDF.

Additional support for HID drivers in UMDF

• UMDF now fully supports HID filters (enumerated by HIDClass) and minidrivers. Simply port your existing KMDF driver or write a new UMDF 2 filter; the functionality is automatically enabled.

• UMDF HID minidrivers that are enumerated by ACPI can perform selective suspend. For more information, see Creating WDF HID Minidrivers.

• UMDF drivers can now be installed in the HID stack for low latency input devices such as touch and mouse. A driver for an input device should specify the UmdfHostPriority INF directive. For information, see Specifying WDF Directives in INF Files.

Support for interrupts for GPIO-backed devices

• UMDF 2 supports interrupts for GPIO-backed devices like hardware push-buttons. KMDF supports these devices natively, without the workaround described in Handling Active-Both Interrupts. For more information, see Creating an Interrupt Object.

UMDF no longer requires WinUSB

New support has been added for USB drivers in UMDF. A UMDF 2 USB driver no longer uses WinUSB. To use the new functionality, the driver sets the UmdfDispatcher directive to NativeUSB, instead of WinUSB. See Specifying WDF Directives in INF Files.

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Improved Performance

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• UMDF system components consume less disk space.

• KMDF and UMDF drivers use less non-paged memory.

• Improved framework version checking reduces header/library mismatches.

• UMDF provides improved buffer mapping for HID transfers.